Lamrimpa Ngawang Phuntsok (1922–1997) was a renowned Tibetan Buddhist master and teacher. He joined Drepung Monastery at the age of 22. Following the Chinese occupation of Tibet, he was arbitrarily arrested in 1959 without any known legal basis and detained until 1961. During his imprisonment, he was subjected to severe torture and was released in critically deteriorated health. Despite the lasting effects of his detention, he remained an influential Buddhist scholar and teacher until his death on 28 May 1997 at the age of 75.

Asam, born in 1939, is a farmer from Markham, Tibet. He was arbitrarily arrested on 6 January 1961 for resisting the Chinese invasion of Tibet. He was denied due process and sentenced to life imprisonment without a fair trial. During his detention, he was subjected to torture and forced labour. After spending decades in custody, he was eventually released and escaped to India on 13 April 1988.

Dega Trogawa (also known as Dega Troga), born around 1932, was a Tibetan from Shigatse who was first arrested by Chinese authorities in 1959 following the occupation of Tibet. He was imprisoned for 21 years under harsh conditions before being released in 1980. After his release, he became involved in a confrontation with police during the Panchen Lama's visit to Gyantse in 1982, when he attempted to protect civilians from a violent police crackdown, prompting him to flee into exile in India.

Having lived in exile since 1982, Dega returned to Tibet in October 1990 on a Chinese visa to visit his son. He was placed under constant surveillance from the moment he entered Tibet. On 12 December 1990, while returning to India, he was rearrested by Chinese police near Shigatse, who confiscated his travel documents, searched his belongings, and subjected him to interrogation before transferring him to detention. Reports indicated that he was subsequently held in Tsang Prison.

Draglha, a 37-year-old Tibetan from Tsangpa, was arrested by the Chinese authorities and subsequently sentenced to imprisonment in Meldro Gongkar Prison. The circumstances surrounding his arrest, the charges against him, and the length of his prison term remain unavailable. Owing to the limited information, further details regarding his detention and treatment in custody could not be verified.

Ngawang Woeser (born 1970), a monk from Drepung Monastery and native of Dranang County, Lhoka Region, was actively involved in the Tibetan pro-independence movement. In 1988, he co-founded a clandestine ten-member organisation known as the Organisation of Ten, which disseminated speeches by the Dalai Lama, Tibetan human rights literature, and a proposed democratic constitution for Tibet. He also participated in the landmark peaceful demonstration by Drepung monks in Lhasa on 27 September 1987.

Following the 1987 protest, Ngawang Woeser was detained at Gutsa Detention Centre and Sangyip Prison for approximately four months, where he underwent repeated interrogations before being released on 21 January 1988. Despite being expelled from Drepung Monastery, he continued his political activities and remained a leading member of the Organisation of Ten.

On 16 April 1989, Chinese authorities rearrested Ngawang Woeser after uncovering the organisation's activities. He was held in Sangyip Prison for nearly one year and subjected to prolonged abusive interrogations. On 30 November 1989, the Lhasa Intermediate People's Court sentenced him to 17 years' imprisonment on charges including "counter-revolutionary activities," "incitement of pro-independence activities," and "leaking state secrets." He was transferred to Drapchi Prison on 15 January 1990, where he was reportedly forced to undergo "Reform Through Labour" and political re-education. Reports from former fellow prisoners indicated that his health significantly deteriorated during his imprisonment.

Sog Shabdrung, a Tibetan political prisoner, was imprisoned in Nagchu, Drachen District in 1969 during the Chinese government's campaign of political repression. He was reportedly held with approximately 5,000 other prisoners in a newly built prison, where 18 prisoners were confined in a one-square-metre cell without windows for up to four months. Prisoners were subsequently exposed to direct sunlight after prolonged confinement, causing severe eye damage; at least two elderly inmates reportedly became blind as a result.

Sog Shabdrung also reported that conditions in prisons in Sog District were similarly harsh, with around 2,000 prisoners receiving only cold water and being denied access to hot water. His testimony describes systematic overcrowding, inhumane detention conditions, and the mistreatment of Tibetan prisoners during this period.

Tenzin, a 55-year-old resident of the Drapchi neighbourhood in Lhasa, worked on the restoration of Sera Monastery's Tsangpa House after 1986. He made pilgrimage visits to India in 1985 and 1993. He was first arrested in 1988 and reportedly detained in Gutsa prison, Lhasa for one year. Following his return from India, he was arrested again on 12 July 1995. The reasons for his second arrest, the charges brought against him, his place of detention, and his subsequent whereabouts remain unknown based on the available information.

Tashi Lhamo, a Tibetan woman, was arrested on 1 October for her participation in a peaceful protest in Lhasa. While in detention, she reportedly undertook an 11-day hunger strike to protest her imprisonment and treatment. According to available reports, she was subsequently subjected to severe police beatings that resulted in the dislocation of multiple joints. At the time of reporting, she had not been released, and there were widespread fears among Tibetans in Lhasa that she had died in custody. No further information regarding her legal status or fate was available.

Pasang, a 31-year-old nun from a small nunnery in the Tagtse area, was arrested on 1 October 1989 for taking part in a peaceful demonstration in Lhasa. Along with five other nuns, she marched around Barkhor carrying the Tibetan national flag and distributed pro-independence leaflets. She was detained the same night and imprisoned in Lhasa Prison No. 1, where she received a seven-year prison sentence. While in custody, she reportedly endured overcrowded and unsanitary conditions, repeated torture—including beatings and electric shocks—and severe restrictions on family visits and religious practice. She was released on 10 July 1996 after serving her full sentence.

Dawa Choedon, a 21-year-old nun from a small nunnery in the Tagtse area, was arrested on 1 October 1989 after participating in a peaceful demonstration in Lhasa. She marched around Barkhor carrying the Tibetan national flag and distributed leaflets advocating a free Tibet. She was detained the same night and transferred to Lhasa Prison No. 1, where she was sentenced to seven years' imprisonment. During detention, she was reportedly held in harsh conditions, subjected to beatings, electric shocks, prolonged interrogations, and inadequate food and sanitation. She was released on 10 July 1996 after completing her sentence.

Lama Tenzin Choenge, a monk of Tagtse Monastery in Amdo, was arrested following a peaceful demonstration in Lhasa on 27 December 1993, during which monks marched through Barkhor calling for Tibetan freedom and carrying Tibetan national flags. Chinese authorities identified him through photographs taken at the protest and arrested him in his home village near Lhasa. He was reportedly sentenced to five years' imprisonment, while two fellow monks received 13-yearand eight-year prison terms. During detention, Tenzin Choenge was reportedly subjected to severe beatings, electric shocks, and other forms of torture, and was provided only inadequate food. Family visits were heavily restricted, with relatives permitted to deliver food and clothing only once a month.

Tagtsang Lhamo, a monk of Kirti Monastery in Ngaba (Aba), Amdo, was reportedly arrested around late 1989 or early 1990 after Chinese authorities accused him of putting up numerous political posters in Zoigê and Luchu counties. The posters called on Tibetans to unite in pursuit of their national aspirations and contained sharp criticism of senior Chinese leaders, including Deng Xiaoping and Li Peng. Chinese authorities characterized the posters as "separatist" propaganda and reportedly declared that the person responsible would face execution upon capture. Although available reports indicate that Tagtsang Lhamo was arrested in connection with the posters, no further information regarding his detention, trial, sentence, or subsequent fate has been made public.

Tamdin Sithar, a 46-year-old Tibetan, was re-arrested on 26 August 1983 after authorities allegedly found him in possession of a statement by the Dalai Lama commemorating the 24th anniversary of the 1959 Tibetan Uprising. He was reportedly tried by the Lhasa Intermediate People's Court in 1984 and sentenced to 12 years' imprisonment. Although the exact charges remain unknown, they reportedly included allegations of counter-revolutionary activities or espionage. He was detained in Drapchi Prison, Lhasa, and was adopted by Amnesty International as a prisoner of conscience.

Tamdin had previously been detained without trial from 1971 to 1975 for his alleged involvement in a pro-independence youth group. Following his release, he was placed under supervision in a labour brigade near Lhasa before being re-arrested in 1983.

Tamdin Jamyang, a 22-year-old monk from Tashi Gomang Monastery in Amdo, participated in a peaceful protest in Lhasa on 2 February 1990. Fearing arrest and persecution by the Chinese authorities following the demonstration, he fled to his hometown on 10 May 1990 before escaping to exile in India. His case reflects the risks faced by Tibetan monks for participating in peaceful political expression.

Tenzin Tsedup, a 16-year-old former monk from Taktse Phagmo Monastery, Taktse County, was arrested on 18 August 1993 after participating in a peaceful pro-independence demonstration during the Drepung Shoton Festival in Norbulingka, Lhasa, alongside Tseten Ngodup (19) and Pasang (23). The three displayed the Tibetan national flag, distributed independence leaflets, and shouted slogans supporting Tibetan independence and the Dalai Lama. They were detained by the Public Security Bureau (PSB) and taken to Gutsa Detention Centre, where Tenzin was reportedly beaten unconscious, kicked in the chest, and subjected to interrogation. On 14 September 1993, he was sentenced to one year of imprisonment, while his co-defendants received longer sentences. He was released on 18 August 1994 but was prohibited from rejoining any monastery.

In 1998, he was arrested during an attempted escape to India and detained for approximately one month in Shigatse Detention Centre before being released. He successfully escaped to India in August 1998.

Ven. Thupten Tsering, a 61-year-old Tibetan monk from Nagchu, was arrested in the third week of November 1987 after Public Security Bureau officers reportedly took him from his home at 2:00 a.m. and transferred him to Gutsa Prison, Lhasa. He was subsequently transferred to Drapchi prison, No visitors were reportedly allowed to see him after his detention.

This was his third imprisonment. He had previously been imprisoned from 1959 to 1961, and was arrested again in 1965in Gyantse while attempting to flee to India, for which he remained imprisoned until 1970. After his release, he was assigned to a state-controlled Work Group, where his movement was reportedly restricted and monitored.

The stated reason for his 1987 arrest was his association with foreigners, including contact with his brother, Geyshe Sherab Gyatso (Lobsang Sherab) of the Tushita Dharma Center in Italy, and an Italian visitor, Dr. Dallari Stefano, whom he had accompanied and hosted during their visit to Tibet.

Thubten Kelsang Thalutsogentsang, a 43-year-old former Tibetan monk and horse-cart driver, was first detained following the 1959 Tibetan uprising and reportedly imprisoned in Sangyib Prison, Lhasa, where he was assigned to a labour unit and remained under official surveillance after his release. On 3 December 1981, he was re-arrested in Lhasa for allegedly shouting pro-independence slogans in support of Tibetan independence during a public gathering. He was reportedly sentenced to three years' imprisonment. No reliable information is available regarding his treatment, release, or current whereabouts following his arrest.

Tsongon Tsering, a 29-year-old Tibetan, was detained in October 2024 after he posted a video registering a complaint about large-scale sand and gravel mining along the river in Tsaruma village, which is the source of Asia’s two largest rivers, the Yangtze and the Yellow River.

On 14 October, Tsering posted a five-minute video openly filing a “real-name complaint” to draw attention to the mining operations conducted by Anhui Xianhe Construction Engineering Company, allegedly under the guise of road construction work. Tsering was initially called to the county office along with his family members and villagers after his video went viral. He was permitted to return home briefly before being summoned again and subsequently detained. Sources indicate he is now being held in Kyungchu County prison.

Wangkyi, aged 43 and Tsering Tashi, aged 41, are members of the Haritsang family in Rongkharsar town in Ngaba County. They belong to a family of eight siblings. Wangkyi is married to Sonam Tsering, and they have four daughters. According to our sources, reports suggest that the members of the Haritsang family have been arrested due to maintaining contacts in India, though specific details are scarce. Recently, repression in the Ngaba region has intensified, with increased restrictions particularly aimed at Kirti Monastery and nearby villages.

A Tibetan community leader and his nephew were arrested and taken into custody for defying Chinese authorities by advising local Tibetans not to sign away their rights to grazing land.

Choegyal and Yonten were detained after they distributed leaflets in front of a police station in Wonpo township.

They were arbitrarily arrested on 21 November 2019, at around 2:30 pm, after shouting for Tibet's independence and distributing Tibetan independence documents in front of the Wonpo township police station.

On 1 March 2024, Choegyal and Yonten were released. Subsequently, the fathers of Choegyal and Yonten were summoned by the Wonpo township government to make promises and responsibilities before being released by the police officers at their respective homes later that evening.

The local people welcomed them without much visible gesture. Both Choegyal and Yonten are released in poor health.

Detained in 2019.

They were arrested in 2019 after their failed attempt to block construction of a slaughterhouse and their demand for compensation” for Tibetans whose land has been taken for the project.

Detained in February 2021.

University student Sangay Tso was arrested along with two other Tibetans, Dadul and Kansi (a nickname) in Kyegudo, Yushul Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, on 17 February 2021, a week after Tibetan New Year. While no official reason was given at the time of their arrest and release, it seems that the three youths were arrested for failure to register their WeChat group with local authorities

Zamkar, Kelsang Dolma, Dechen and Delha are in their 20s and residents of Dartsedo (Ch: Kangding), Kardze Tibet Autonomous Prefecture.

They were detained on 5 December 2022 and are now being held somewhere in Kardze TAP. They were detained for protesting against strict Covid Lockdowns in Sichuan province. The four women had worked at a Chinese-owned restaurant in Chengdu before their arrest and they also wrote a letter to their employer stating they did not receive their salary during the lockdown.

Their whereabouts remain unknown but it is reported that they are being given political re-education sessions by the Chinese government.

On 1 January 2023, Tseta (46) and Dhonkho (26) from Gyalthang (Ch: Xiānggélǐlā) County, Yunan province were detained by the local police authorities from Dolma Guest House in Gyalthang County.

Three days after their detention, the family members were summoned to the local police station and their mobile phones were searched. The police also inquired about the sources of income for their family.

Tseta and Dhonkho were in Gyalthang County to shop for groceries and decided to stay at Dolma's guest house for the night when they were detained.

It is suspected that the duo might be charged with false accusations of illegal deforestation and smuggling of wood in the region.

Detained in 2019.

They were arrested in 2019 after their failed attempt to block construction of a slaughterhouse and their demand for compensation” for Tibetans whose land has been taken for the project.

Lhundup Dorjee, Sonam Rinchen, Sonam Dorjee and Kunchok Lodoe disrupted a political reeducation meeting but shouting independence slogans. They were sentenced to 13 years imprisonment and four years of deprivation of civil and political rights.

Ngawang Sangdrol was released in October 2002 from Drapchi Prison in Lhasa nine years before the completion of her sentence. The young nun was serving the longest sentence of any female political prisoner in Tibet before being released on good behaviour parole. Belongs to Garu Nunnery

Belongs to Tashi Lhunpo Monastery

Detained and sentenced for participating in 2008 uprising.

Gangbu Yubum, monk and writer from Serthar (Ch: Seda) County, Kardze (Ch: Ganzi) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, was detained on 22 March 2021. And in 2022, he was sentenced to 7 years in prison.

He was previously arrested in 2008 on charges of participating in protests and sentenced to three years in prison. Again sentenced to two years in prison in 2012 and released in 2014.

The monks Lobsang Ngodup and Soepa, joined by two laypersons, whose identities are unknown, staged a peaceful protest in front of the Jokhang Temple on Barkhor street shouting pro-independence slogans, distributing pamphlets and raising the banned Tibetan national flags.

Lobsang was among the 15 monks detained by Chinese security forces on 10 March 2008 in Lhasa. The monks were detained by the Public Security Bureau (PSB) officials, beaten severely and manhandled. Belongs to Wonpo Monastery

Lodoe, 30, a monk from Onpo Monastery who was among the 15 arrested had been sentenced to 10 years in Chushul Prison for his participation in a non-violent protest in March 2008. Belongs to Wonpo Monastery

Belongs to Drepung Monastery

Soepa was born in Mange Village and became a monk at a young age at Mange Monastery in Sershul County in Kardze (Ch: Ganzi) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. He was a good student and took special interest in writing and literature. At the time of his arrest, he was a visiting student at Sera Monastery (in Lhasa) where he completed his Uma class (equivalent to a Master’s degree) in Tibetan Buddhism.

He was among the 15 monks detained by Chinese security forces on 10 March 2008 in Lhasa. Belongs to Manggey Monastery

Kunchok Tsephel was released on 18 March 2022 after serving more than 13 years at two different prisons including Dingxi near Lanzhou city in Gansu Province. Tsephel’s 15-year prison term had been reduced by almost two years after he saved the life of a fellow prisoner and collected ‘points’ for exhibiting ‘good behaviour’.

He was detained in the early morning hours of 26 February 2009 after his house was ransacked and his computer, camera, and mobile phone seized. On 12 November 2009, he was convicted of “leaking state secrets” and sentenced to 15 years imprisonment in a closed-door proceeding by the Kanlho (Ch: Gannan) Intermediate People’s Court.

Tsephel’s charges were connected to the content on his website and for sharing information outside Tibet regarding the brutality committed by the Chinese People’s Armed Police against Tibetans during the 2008 Uprising.

Tsetan Namgyal, a farmer from Shigatse County, was arrested on 11 March 1959 for participating in the Tibetan resistance against the invading Chinese forces during the Tibetan People's Uprising. While in custody, he was subjected to torture and forced labour. He was imprisoned for 12 years before his release and later escaped to India in 1983.

Venerable the 5th Choktrul Dawa Rinpoche, also known by his full name as Jetsun Khenrab Wangchuk Samten Tenpe Gyaltsen Pel Sangpo, passed away on 30 January 2022 in Lhasa at the age of 86. Rinpoche has remained in a state of 'Thukdam' deep meditative state.

He was sentenced to five years in prison for “protesting against the Chinese government” during the period of democratic reform in the 1960's. He was arrested again during the cultural revolution and subsequently sentenced to seven years in prison.

On 20 May 2010, the Chinese government handed him a seven years prison term after they claimed that the “reincarnation of the eighth Rongpo Choeje is closely connected to His Holiness the Dalai Lama.

The cause of his latest detention in 2021 remain unknown and no information available regarding his whereabouts. He was previously detained overnight in Chengdu with two of his friends in June 2010 and has suffered beatings in custody. He chronicled the experience in a journal titled "Torture in Prison".

Karma Samdup was sentenced to 15 years in prison by the Chinese authorities on charges of grave robbing and dealing in looted antiquities. He was Detained on 3 January 2010.

He has been sentenced to 10 years on 10 Dec,2021. Gyatso had earlier endured a four-year period of detention, beginning in 1998 during a “Patriotic Reeducation” campaign in Ngaba, for possessing a portrait of the Dalai Lama.

He was also reportedly detained for a year in 2008 during a period of widespread unrest in Tibet, although the specific reasons for that detention were not immediately clear. In 2011 he was detained in Siling (Ch: Xining) by Ngaba State Security officers and taken to a detention centre in Chengdu. Although the exact reason for his detention remains unknown, his younger brother Gō Jigmey said that the detention might be connected to the book he wanted to print in Siling. Belongs to Kirti Monastery

On 31 January 2013, the Intermediate People’s Court of Ngaba (Ch: Aba) Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture handed Lobsang Kunchok, 40, with death penalty with two years’ reprieve and deprivation of political rights for life. His nephew, Lobsang Tsering, 31, was sentenced to 10 years in prison, with his political rights deprived for three years, according to the Chinese government-owned news agency Xinhua.
Both Lobsang Kunchok and Lobsang Tsering were detained in August 2012 but their detention and police charges against them were announced only in December 2012 by the Chinese government.

Pema was released on 31 August 2022, two years before completion of his sentence.

He had shown his support by protecting the death body of the Dorjee Rinchen who resorted to self immolation in October 2012

Thangpe Phuntsok Namgyal, born in 1934 and a resident of Lhasa, served as a civil servant in the former Tibetan Government. He was arrested on 11 March 1959 for participating in the Tibetan People's Uprising against the invading Chinese forces. Following his arrest, he was sentenced to 20 years' imprisonment. After completing his sentence, he eventually reached India in January 1986.

Tendar, a 30-year-old monk from Sera Monastery, was arrested in March 2001 for participating in a pro-independence demonstration. Widely respected within the monastery for his mastery of Buddhist philosophy, he was detained in connection with his peaceful political expression. No further information regarding his detention, trial, sentence, or subsequent whereabouts has been documented.

Tenpa Wangdrak (born 1941), also known as Sonam, was a monk at Gaden Monastery who was arrested in March 1988 after participating in a peaceful demonstration advocating Tibetan independence and protesting the imprisonment of a fellow monk. Following his arrest, he was subjected to repeated interrogations by Chinese authorities regarding his political beliefs, associations, and activities before being formally charged.

On 17 December 1988, Tenpa was sentenced to 14 years' imprisonment on allegations of leading the protest and opposing Chinese rule in Tibet. Although he was informed of his right to appeal, he declined due to concerns that it would be ineffective or result in a harsher sentence.

During his imprisonment, Tenpa was transferred to Drapchi Prison, where he was assigned agricultural labor. In March 1991, after attempting to submit a petition to a visiting prison delegation, he was severely beaten and placed in solitary confinement before later being released from isolation. Reports also indicated that his health deteriorated in custody, including significant loss of eyesight, highlighting concerns over his treatment and prison conditions.

Ngawang Jampa, a 20-year-old nun from Chubsang Nunnery, originally from Meldro Gongkar County, was arrested on 2 September 1989 for participating in the mass pro-Tibetan demonstration in Lhasa. Following her arrest, she was sentenced to two years' imprisonment and detained at Gutsa Detention Centre (Gutsa Prison). Her imprisonment was linked solely to her peaceful participation in the demonstration.

Months after their arbitrary detention and disappearance ; five Tibetan monks from Drango Monastery have been sentenced to varying terms of six to seven years for their alleged involvement in 23 January 2012 protest in Drango (Ch: Luhuo) County of Kardze (Ch: Ganzi) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture ; Sichuan Province. Belongs to Drango Monastery

Discussing a "political education" session officials ordered villagers to attend ealier that day and at the session ; villagers demanded the release of "disappeared" writer Tsultrim Gyaltsen anf his friend Yugyal

The Malho Intermediate People’s Court used contents of shokjang's writings and online activities to sentence him for “inciting separatism”

Four Tibetan men have been given suspended jail sentences for petitioning against government confiscation of their land in Ka Bharma nomadic camp in Thangkor

A group of policemen stopped him and took him away at about 10:30 a.m. The reason for his detention was his link to the self-immolation protest happened previous year ; challenging Beijing’s rule in Tibetan-populated areas. Belongs to Nyitso Monastery

She was detained after she staged a solo protest ; holding a portrait of His Holiness The Dalai Lama ; on the street of Meuruma township

She staged a solo protest about 3 pm on 15 August 2015 ; shouting slogans calling on the Chinese government to grant freedom to Tibet and allow Dalai Lama to return home

Bhonkho Kyi was arbitrarily detained at around 20 November 2015, for assisting in the organization of a public picnic to commemorate the 80th birthday of the Dalai Lama.

His role in organising the Dalai Lama’s 80th birthday celebration in Ngaba. He had joined a WeChat Group Chat created by former Tibetan political prisoners in Ngaba to discuss and exchange information about the birthday celebration. Belongs to Kirti Monastery

He was detained for creating a WeChat group chat to register names of local Tibetans wishing to offer prayers for the Dalai Lama’s 80th birthday. Belongs to Kirti Monastery

Belongs to Mangra Lutsang Monastery|Tibetan Childrens' Educational Institute

Bhutuk (b. 1974), a former monk of Drongtso Monastery from Drambu Township, Gyantse County, Shigatse, was arrested in May 1996 together with fellow monk Ngodup Gyaltsen for producing and distributing pro-independence leaflets and cassette recordings of speeches by the Dalai Lama. The two were initially detained at Gyantse Detention Centre for three months before being transferred to Shigatse Nyari Detention Centre. In late November 1996, the Shigatse Intermediate People's Court convicted them of "counter-revolutionary propaganda" and sentenced each to five years' imprisonment and two years' deprivation of political rights. Following sentencing, they were held for 15 days in Shigatse Detention Centre before being transferred to Drapchi Prison in December 1996. Bhutuk was 22 years old at the time of his arrest and sentencing.

Rinzin Kunsang (b. 1965), a Buddhist nun from Jelsam Village, Nyêmo County, joined Shugseb Nunnery at the age of 19. She was arrested on 17 May 1988 after participating in a peaceful demonstration in Lhasa, where she and other nuns and monks shouted pro-Tibetan slogans, including "Long Live His Holiness the Dalai Lama" and "Chinese Leave Tibet," and distributed political pamphlets. She was detained in Gutsa Detention Centre for two months without trial or legal representation and was never formally sentenced. Released on 15 July 1988, she later stated that her release was secured through the intervention of the 10th Panchen Lama. During detention, she was held in harsh conditions, including solitary confinement, deprivation of bedding and drinking water, and inadequate sanitation.

Jampel Jangchup (b. 1967), a former monk of Drepung Monastery from Toelung Dechen County, was a prominent Tibetan political activist involved in the 1987 pro-independence demonstrations and the clandestine production and distribution of pro-independence literature. He was first detained on 28 September 1987 and again on 16 April 1989. Following a mass sentencing in Lhasa on 30 November 1989, he was convicted on charges including "espionage" and organising a "counter-revolutionary group." He was sentenced to 19 years' imprisonment with five years' deprivation of political rights and transferred to Drapchi Prison on 15 January 1990. While in custody, he was reportedly subjected to severe beatings, prolonged isolation, and other forms of ill-treatment, including after participating in a prison protest in April 1991. Former inmates reported that he developed serious kidney problems and deteriorating eyesight as a result of his imprisonment.

He was detained by local Chinese police at around 8:24 pm local time on 16 May 2016 while he was taking a walk in the park surrounding Namgyal Stupa in Tawu. At around 10 pm ; a group of Chinese police ransacked his monastic residence and the same night he was taken to a detention centre in the prefectural capital of Dartsedo. Sources with close contacts in Tibet told TCHRD that Jampa Gelek had taken a photo in his room with a huge Tibetan national flag in the background. In addition ; the monk had told some friends that he would self immolate for the sake of Tibetan religious and political cause. Belongs to Nyitso Monastery

He was taken into custody shortly after 11:00 a.m. on Feb. 14 on a road leading to the Kardze (in Chinese ; Ganzi) county seat in the Kardze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. He was shouting for the return of [exiled spiritual leader] the Dalai Lama and demanding freedom for Tibet when he reached an intersection of three roads ; where he was quickly overpowered and taken away.

He was taken into custody sometime during the evening of May 14 in front of the Barkham (in Chinese ; Ma’erkang) county People’s Hospital. Though the reasons for Lodoe’s detention are still unclear ; “local Tibetans believe it may have been because of his writing and publication online of politically sensitive articles ; and because he had shared these with other Tibetans." Belongs to Tsinang Monastery

She was detained around 4pm local time on July 14 by a Chinese police on patrol nearby. Wearing a white dress ; Kunchok held above her head a portrait of the exiled Tibetan leader Dalai Lama ; reviled by China as a “separatist” ; and walked the well-known Pawoe Sanglam (Martyr’s lane) in the Ngaba town. The street name infamously accorded after many local Tibetans had either self immolated or protested on their own calling for Dalai Lama’s return and speaking out against China’s occupation and repressive policies in implementation on the same street

When Chinese officials at the end of February forced local villagers to sign their approval for the mining to proceed, one village head refused to sign and was taken into custody, the source said. “Karma, the head of Markor village, said that he would sign his name only if the local Chinese officials produced a letter from two Tibetan higher-ups named Radi and Tenzin showing their own approval for the work, and he was detained by the police (As of 07 Dec 2021)

Lobsang Soepa had set up a tent and protested in front of the county government office against the injustice against the local Tibetan of Bonpo Township. Lobsang has been actively petitioning and urging the officials regarding a fair redistribution of the grassland over the last few years. Despite several attempts his requests were not heeded by the officials.

He staged a solo protest holding a portrait of the Tibetan spiritual leader His Holiness the Dalai Lama on the main street of Ngaba County town at around 3 pm local time on 2 May 2016. He was detained immediately by the local traffic police. Belongs to Kirti Monastery

He was arbitrarily detained at about 4 pm local time on 7 June when he staged a lone protest walking along the main road of Ngaba County town ; holding high above his head a portrait of the Tibetan spiritual leader His Holiness the Dalai Lama and raised slogans such as ; “May His Holiness Live for 10 ; 000 years!” and “Freedom for Tibet!” Local police personnel immediately took him into custody as soon as they saw him. Belongs to Kirti Monastery

He was taken away by police at night on May 23. He was required to regularly report to police about his daily activities after his release (detained in 2011) but he never complied with this order Belongs to Kirti Monastery

He was taken away in handcuffs without explanation and has been held in custody ever since ; ” RFA’s source said ; speaking on condition of anonymity and citing contacts in the region. Belongs to Jonang Monastery

Lodoe Gyatso was arbitrarily detained in Lhasa at around midnight local time on 14 May 2016 for unknown reasons. His family members and relatives have no information on the exact location of his detention.

At around 12 pm local time on 1 March ; Mangga carried a portrait of the Dalai Lama and walked along the main road of Meuruma Town ; to protest against repressive policies of the Chinese government. Mangga’s peaceful solo protest lasted for a few minutes before local security personnel took her away to an undisclosed location.

Sonam Tsephel is a Tibetan writer from Pasho County (Ch: Baxio) Chamdo City of Tibet Autonomous Region. He used to operate a business from Dingri (Ch: Tingri) County, Shigatse (Ch: Xigaze) City, Tibet Autonomous Region, in the Tibetan province of U-Tsang.

Due to sharing His Holiness the Dalai Lama's teachings and portrait on social media, Sonam Tsephel has been imprisoned twice previously. In 2009, he was sentenced twice on the trumped-up charge of “inciting separatism”

In June 2015, he was detained and punished by the Chinese police in Lhasa, the capital city of Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) for more than a month after being accused of writing that disrupted ethnic unity and sharing His Holiness portrait and teachings on social media. On 19 February 2016, he was subsequently given detention by the Chinese police. He had been arrested three times by the Chinese police between 2009 and 2016.

His family members and relatives are unaware of his current whereabouts and the circumstances behind his detention.

Tashi Wangchuk was arbitrarily detained on 27 January 2016 after a New York Times documentary reported on his efforts to file a lawsuit against local Chinese authorities for their failure to protect and promote Tibetan culture and language. He had been in arbitrary detention for almost two years when his trial, held in January this year, ended without a verdict.

Ven. Pagah and Geshe Orgyen of Chokri Monastery were recently detained after a mass prayer ceremony was organized on 25 January by both the monastic and lay community in Tehor Township in Drango County. Belongs to Chokri Monastery

He was apprehended on 20 June by local police in Rakor ; where he had gone to harvest caterpillar fungus. The police claimed that Yudrug had a gun in his possession and took him to the local detention centre in Rakor ; where he was beaten. Yudrug Nyima was then driven by police to Derge but he died from his injuries on the way.

He was detained at around 5:00 p.m. on September 29 by 10 officers who arrived at his home in Sangchu (in Chinese ; Xiahe) county’s Sangkok township. Following a self-immolation protest in 2013 in Gansu ; Kyab and three others were accused of transporting the protester’s remains to the man’s home so that they would not be seized by police

He staged the solo protest in front of the Tibetan Middle School carrying a portrait of Tibetan spiritual leader His Holiness the Dalai Lama and shouted slogans such as ; “ Freedom for Tibet” and “Long Live His Holiness the Dalai Lama” Belongs to Kirti Monastery

An 18 year-old Tibetan youth was beaten up and taken to an undisclosed location by local Chinese police after he staged a solo protest last Friday in Ngaba (Ch: Aba) County town in Sichuan Province.

Prominent former Tibetan political prisoner Tsegon Gyal has been held incommunicado since 9 December at Kangtsa (Ch: Gangcha) County Detention Centre ; after his arrest on the same date in Dashi (Ch: Ha’êyan) County in Tsojang TAP. He was sentenced to three years on the charge of ‘inciting separatism’ early January 2018 Tsojang (Ch: Haibei) ‘Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture’ (TAP), Qinghai Province, in the Tibetan province of Amdo.

Sonam Tashi ; age unknown ; staged solo protest on 5 January 2017. throwing leaflets in the air and calling for freedom in Tibet and Long live of His Holiness the Dalai Lama on the main market of Serthar County.

The first known solo protest this year was carried out on 25 February by a Tibetan monk named Lobsang Tsultrim on the main road of Ngaba County town. Tsultrim ; a monk from Kirti Monastery carried a portrait of the Dalai Lama and raised slogans calling for freedom and return of the Dalai Lama. He was immediately overpowered by two police officers and taken away to an undisclosed location. Belongs to Kirti Monastery

Lobsang Dhargyal ; a monk from the local Kirti Monastery ; was detained soon after he staged a solo protest on the main road of the County town ; known to the locals as ‘Martyr’s Road’ on 16 March. Exile Tibetan sources reported that the monk shouted slogans calling for Tibetan freedom and the return of His Holiness the Dalai Lama to Tibet. He was easily overpowered by the huge posse of security officers deployed in the area to keep order during the sensitive month. Belongs to Kirti Monastery

On 18 March ; a Tibetan mother of two staged a similar protest at the ‘Martyr’s Road’ but was immediately taken into custody by the local police. Dukpe ; a janitor in charge of cleaning the ground near a Buddha statue in front of Kirti Monastery ; protested the severe restrictions imposed by the Chinese government on Tibetans. Her current whereabouts remain unknown. A native of Raru Township in Ngaba County ; Dukpe is married to Mr Sonam. Her parents are Mr Ngagchung and Mrs Palkyi.

Khedup ; 50 ; was taken into custody by the County Public Security Bureau (PSB) officers when collecting his personal belongings. These had been confiscated during his first arrest. The County PSB office summoned Khedup to pick up his mobile phone and other belongings and ordered the monk to come in layman clothing. He was later taken into custody at the PSB office. Belongs to Mura Monastery

Police in Sichuan province detained a senior Tibetan monk this week without explanation ; leaving followers and friends unsure of his present whereabouts and concerned for his well-being ; sources said. Tulku Lobsang ; a monk of Boroe monastery in Sichuan’s Sershul (in Chinese ; Shiqu) county in the Kardze (Ganzi) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture had been summoned by police on July 21 ; a local source told RFA’s Tibetan Service. Belongs to Boroe Monastery

Lodoe Gyatso was secretly sentenced to 18 years in prison for staging a peaceful solo protest infront of Potala Palace in Lhasa. Prior to his arrest, he had recorded a video announcing his 'campaign for world peace' which he recorded with the help of his wife. His wife, Gakyi had been sentenced to 2 years in prison. (As of 07 December 2021).

Lodoe Gyatso was detained late January for carrying out a lone protest against Chinese government in Lhasa. He has since been handed over to the Sog (Ch: Suo) County Public Security Bureau (PSB) in Nagchu (Ch: Naqu) Prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR). This is Lodoe Gyatso’s second detention following his release from prison after 21 years in 2013.

Belongs to Sog Dzong Drama Association

Tashi Choeying, a monk enrolled at the Ganden Jangtse monastic college in South India, had returned to pay a visit to his family and relatives in Tibet, and one month after he arrived there, the local authorities suddenly took him without giving any reason and disappeared after being detained by police on Nov. 21, 2016. Belongs to Gaden Monastery

Gyatso had also been held for questioning for a few days around the March 10 anniversary of a failed 1959 national uprising against Chinese rule in Tibet, during which Tibet’s spiritual leader the Dalai Lama fled into exile in India, one source said. Belongs to Labrang Monastery

Sources told TCHRD that Woechung Gyatso was likely detained for posting on We Chat pictures and articles deemed illegal under Chinese laws particularly the Cybersecurity Law that came into effect in June 2017. Chinese authorities have also issued local directives on internet censorship in other Tibetan areas. Belongs to Tsang Monastery

Khenrab, 36, is a government official in Shakchu Town and also a member of village cadre team. He was detained for engaging in “separatist activity” after he had lectured the villagers on the importance of environmental protection. His whereabouts remain unknown. He had earlier been detained in 2015 and held for six months at an undisclosed location on the charge of “maintaining contacts with separatists”. He was later released and reinstated to his post.

Chinese authorities have detained scores of Tibetans and disappeared a village leader after they had opposed plans to mine Sebtra Zagyen, a sacred mountain with 800 year-old history that overlooks several villages located in Shakchu (Ch: Shaqu) Town in Diru (Ch: Biru) County, Nagchu (Ch: Naqu) Prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR).

Chinese authorities have detained scores of Tibetans and disappeared a village leader after they had opposed plans to mine Sebtra Zagyen, a sacred mountain with 800 year-old history that overlooks several villages located in Shakchu (Ch: Shaqu) Town in Diru (Ch: Biru) County, Nagchu (Ch: Naqu) Prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR). Belongs to Drong Ngur Kagyu Phelgyeling Monastery

Chinese authorities have detained scores of Tibetans and disappeared a village leader after they had opposed plans to mine Sebtra Zagyen, a sacred mountain with 800 year-old history that overlooks several villages located in Shakchu (Ch: Shaqu) Town in Diru (Ch: Biru) County, Nagchu (Ch: Naqu) Prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR). Belongs to Drong Ngur Kagyu Phelgyeling Monastery

Chinese authorities have detained scores of Tibetans and disappeared a village leader after they had opposed plans to mine Sebtra Zagyen, a sacred mountain with 800 year-old history that overlooks several villages located in Shakchu (Ch: Shaqu) Town in Diru (Ch: Biru) County, Nagchu (Ch: Naqu) Prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR).

Chinese authorities have detained scores of Tibetans and disappeared a village leader after they had opposed plans to mine Sebtra Zagyen, a sacred mountain with 800 year-old history that overlooks several villages located in Shakchu (Ch: Shaqu) Town in Diru (Ch: Biru) County, Nagchu (Ch: Naqu) Prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR).

Chinese authorities have detained scores of Tibetans and disappeared a village leader after they had opposed plans to mine Sebtra Zagyen, a sacred mountain with 800 year-old history that overlooks several villages located in Shakchu (Ch: Shaqu) Town in Diru (Ch: Biru) County, Nagchu (Ch: Naqu) Prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR).

Gyatso ran a Tibetan Literary Forum on the Chinese social medial platform WeChat. Police were reported to have warned him in the past that some of his writings were politically sensitive. He was later detained for his politically sensitive writings.

Monlam Kyi, 69, on 23 May for interrogation and released her on 6 June. For two weeks, Kyi was held at an undisclosed location and subjected to intense interrogation about her son.

On 24 May 2019, Mr Tenzin Choephel was sentenced to 18 years in prison on the charge of “inciting separatism” in Tarchen (Ch: Daqen) Township in Sernye (Ch: Sèní) District, Nagchu (Ch: Nagchu) City, Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR), in the traditional Shak Rongpo area of Kham province.

Tenzin Choephel, a native of Nakchu County, was taken into custody at Gongkar airport on a return flight from Chengdu, capital of western China’s Sichuan province. He was sentenced for was sentenced for allegedly committing various crimes including “inciting separatism”, “illegally sending intelligence overseas”, and “financing activities that endangered state security”. Chinese authorities also confiscated all of his personal property.

Mr Choephel was detained on 30 March 2018 and had been held incommunicado for more than a year before his sentencing. He is known for his notable work on protecting Tibetan culture and environment, promoting unity among Tibetans, and other philanthropic activities such as helping the poor and needy in the community.

Tenzin Gelek, a monk from the local Kirti Monastery, was arrested on 6 September by local security forces after he carried out a lone protest calling for “Freedom in Tibet”. His current whereabouts and condition remain unknown. Belongs to Kirti Monastery

Local security forces took Dorjee Rabten, 23, away on 5 September when he staged protest in Ngaba County town. It is not known what slogans he shouted and how he carried out the protest. Rabten, a monk at the local Kirti Monastery, is a native of Meruma Town in Ngaba County. A monk by the name of Lobsang Dawa was his teacher at the monastery. No other details are available. Belongs to Kirti Monastery

In 1997, Woeser was 14 when he joined his cousin Dothuk and some other monks in pasting leaflets calling for Tibetan independence in the county town. The other unknown monks hailed from Nyagrong (Ch: Xinlong) County in Kardze (Ch: Ganzi) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province who had come to Pema County for religious education. Woeser was subsequently detained and sentenced to five years for engaging in political activity, his prison release document shows. Belongs to Do Drubchen Gon Sangchen Ngodup Palwar Ling Monastery.

Detained in August 2020.

Jampa Tsering was sentenced to one year and six months in prison for promoting a self designed flag and emblem for a local football team but his sentence got suspended to two years and is now placed under probation.

Chinese authorities arrested Karma Samdup for possessing a photo of the spiritual leader His Holiness the Dalai Lama pn 12 August 2022.

Karma Samdup from the Sernye Township in Nagchu was found in possession of a Dalai Lama photo around his neck and another hanging in his car when authorities detained him.

Any information about Samdup who is held incommunicado is not available yet.

Chinese authorities are holding four Tibetan monks in detention for launching a public protest against construction of a housing project near their monastery,

Zamkar, Kelsang Dolma, Dechen and Delha are in their 20s and residents of Dartsedo (Ch: Kangding), Kardze Tibet Autonomous Prefecture.

They were detained on 5 December 2022 and are now being held somewhere in Kardze TAP. They were detained for protesting against strict Covid Lockdowns in Sichuan province. The four women had worked at a Chinese-owned restaurant in Chengdu before their arrest and they also wrote a letter to their employer stating they did not receive their salary during the lockdown.

Their whereabouts remain unknown but it is reported that they are being given political re-education sessions by the Chinese government.

Konmey,45, head disciplinarian of Trotsik monastery was arbitrarily arrested by the Chinese authorities on 20 July 2021 for unknown reasons. Konmey hails from Trotsik village in Ngaba (Ch: Aba) County. He was enrolled as a monk at a young age.

He was released three weeks after his detention.

Detained in October 2019.

36 year old Lhadar is believed to be detained for 'leaking state secrets'. A source said “He has always been outspoken on issues concerning the reunion of Tibetan people inside Tibet and in exile, and has great hope for the Dalai Lama’s return to Tibet. Therefore, he was on the ‘watch list’ of the Chinese police,”

Detained in June 2010.

Detained in May 2019.

Lhundup Dorje was released after one year. He was imprisoned and convicted of separatism for posting photos and teachings of the Dalai Lama on social media.

Tibetan writer Lhaden (Pen-name: Dhi Lhaden) was sentenced to four years in prison for "creating disorder among the public". Lhaden was sentenced on an unknown date at a secret trial which his family and relatives were not allowed to attend. Chinese authorities had informed his family about the upcoming trial. None of his family members has seen him since his detention. The trial was held after more than two years of Mr. Lhaden’s incommunicado detention in June 2019 in Chengdu city.

In early September, two monks from Kirti Monastery, Lobsang Samten and Lobsang Trinley, along with Tsering Tashi and Wangkyi were arbitrarily detained by the Chinese authorities.

Since their arrest, no information has been disclosed regarding their location or the charges against them. Belongs to Kirti Monastery

Lobsang Sangye, 36, from Kirti Monastery was sentenced to 5 years in prison on 28 March 2018 by People’s Court of Barkham, Sichuan Province. He was charged with an offense related to a Tibetan self-immolation, and for engaging in political activities.

He was initially detained in 2012 and released. In 2017 he was detained incommunicado again for around a year before his sentencing in a secret trial in 2018. Belongs to Kirti Monastery

Detained in July 2018.

No information about the reason for his arrest and subsequent detention. Thamke, a son of Lhade Gongme Lokho, had previously graduated from the Buddhist Youth School formerly attached to Ngaba’s Kirti monastery but later closed by Chinese authorities

Lobsang Thapkhey, a former librarian at Kirti Monastery in Ngaba (Ch: Aba) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, in the Tibetan province of Amdo, was sentenced to three years, for merely attempting to import and distribute religious and cultural books from India to Tibet and for engaging in the Tibetan Buddhist practice of making financial offerings to His Holiness the Dalai Lama and Kirti Rinpoche. Belongs to Kirti Monastery

In early September, two monks from Kirti Monastery, Lobsang Samten and Lobsang Trinley, along with Tsering Tashi and Wangkyi were arbitrarily detained by the Chinese authorities.

Since their arrest, no information about their location or the charges against them has been disclosed. Belongs to Kirti Monastery

Lotse,57, from Sershul County, was accused of setting up a WeChat group honoring Tibetan religious leaders. The WeChat group was set up to celebrate the birthdays of revered Tibetan lamas.

Lotse is a single father of two sons and is now believed to be detained by authorities somewhere in Sershul, and local Tibetans were questioned about him and pressured by police in the period leading up to his arrest.

Geshe Sonam Phuntsok, a highly respected Tibetan religious leader from Mongasang Village, Kandze County, was arrested on 25 October 1999 at approximately 5 a.m. by a force of around 60 Chinese Public Security Bureau (PSB) officers at his retreat in the Wakhar area. Witnesses reported that he was violently seized at gunpoint, with his head forced down and arms tightly restrained. News of his arrest spread rapidly, prompting nearly 3,000 Tibetans to gather peacefully, demanding his immediate release.

In response, authorities imposed a severe crackdown: security forces detained many demonstrators and subjected Sonam Phuntsok to brutal torture at Kandze Detention Centre. Prisoners were reportedly beaten, electrocuted with cattle prods, and tortured with pliers and boiling water, leaving many permanently disabled. Despite widespread public support, Sonam Phuntsok was sentenced on 31 October 1999 to seven years in Menyang Prison, where he endured harsh and oppressive conditions.

The protests intensified the following day, with roughly 10,000 Tibetans from Kandze County and nearby areas assembling outside the court, chanting slogans such as “Release Geshe Sonam Phuntsok” and “Geshe is innocent.” Authorities responded with around 600 PSB and People’s Armed Police officers, who deployed tear gas and fired live rounds, resulting in widespread injuries. Nearly 100 individuals were arrested, about 20 required hospitalization, and a strict curfew was imposed across Kandze County from 27 October to 3 November 1999. Telephone lines were cut, and extensive house-to-house searches and beatings followed.

Monlam Gyatso, a Tibetan monk, writer, and teacher from Raktam village, Serthar (Ch: Seda) County, Kardze (Ch: Ganzi) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, was detained on 9 June 2021. He was sentenced to 3 years of imprisonment in October 2022 for his participation in a campaign that discouraged local residents from killing and selling animals. His whereabouts continue to remain unknown.

On 20 October, the Darlag County police arbitrarily detained eight Tibetans from Gyime Township in Darlag County, Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province, on charges of "creating a criminal organisation," "picking quarrels and provoking trouble," and "extortion and blackmail." These allegations were simply levied against them for collecting donations for religious offerings. The Darlag County police issued a notice on their social media account, urging local Tibetans to actively report any clues related to the group of detainees and other "criminal organisations." They added that informants would be "highly rewarded in accordance with its relevant regulations," while warning others that withholding such information would result in severe punishment.

On 21 October 2015, Namkyi and her sister Tenzin Dolma both wore Tibetan attire and carried large portraits of His Holiness the Dalai Lama as they marched in the crowded streets of ‘Martyr’s Road’ in Ngaba (Ch: Aba) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, in the Tibetan province of Amdo, calling for ‘Free Tibet’ and the return of the Dalai Lama and Kirti Rinpoche to Tibet. Both were 15 years old at the time.

After 10 minutes, local police officers arbitrarily detained them in a Detention Centre in Ngaba County, then transferred them to another detention centre in Barkam city for interrogation.

On 23 November 2016, following over a year and a month of detention, a court in Trochu County held a trial for them. It was the first time they saw each other since their arrest. No family members were present, but two government-appointed lawyers, one Chinese and one Tibetan.

They were falsely accused of separatist activities and supporting the Dalai Lama’s group and sentenced to three years each, despite being minors at 16 years old.

"On 23 November 2016, following over a year and a month of detention, a court in Trochu County held a trial for them. It was the first time they saw each other since their arrest. No family members were present, but two government-appointed lawyers, one Chinese and one Tibetan. They were falsely accused of separatist activities and supporting the Dalai Lama’s group and sentenced to three years each, despite being minors at 16 years old.

After the trial, they were taken to ethnic minority prisons in Sichuan and then to Chengdu city’s largest women’s prison. For the initial three months, they underwent military training and patriotic education and learned about the Chinese constitution. " (to be reviewed)

Norsang was detained in September 2019.

Norsang died under mysterious circumstances in Chinese custody after a week into detention. Sources informed TCHRD that Mr Norsang was likely subjected to severe beatings and torture, which eventually led to his death. To cover up the extrajudicial killing, local PSB authorities claimed that Mr Norsang, overburdened by unpaid loans, had committed suicide by jumping off the bridge over the local Shakchu river.

However, local Tibetan sources told TCHRD that Mr Norsang’s economic situation was stable and he had no pending loans in his name. They believe that local police officers had beaten him to death and then fabricated the suicide theory to avoid taking responsibility for his death.

Nyima, from Kardze County, was arrested unexpectedly in January 2022 on charges of spying.

He was a student at Sichuan’s Gehoe National University, concentrating his studies on Tibetan culture.

On 5 June 2022, he was sentenced to 3 years in prison by Dartsedo (Ch: Kangding) Intermediate People’s Court convicted him for allegedly disseminating state secrets.

Pasang Tsering, a 27-year-old monk from Nechung Monastery, previously attempted to flee to India but was apprehended by Chinese authorities. He was arrested, later released, and subsequently barred from returning to his monastery. On 5 March 1988, he participated in a peaceful demonstration in Lhasa and was arrested again in connection with his involvement in the protest. His detention appears to have been linked to the peaceful exercise of his rights to freedom of expression and assembly.

Detained in 2019. Violates Freedom of expression and land rights.

They were arrested in 2019 after their failed attempt to block construction of a slaughterhouse and their demand for compensation” for Tibetans whose land has been taken for the project.

A Tibetan singer named Palden has been sentenced on an unknown date a few months after his detention earlier this year in Golog (Ch: Guoluo) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province, in the Tibetan province of Amdo.

The singer was apprehended after he shared a patriotic Tibetan song on the Chinese social media platform KuaiShou. He was held in an undisclosed location for an extended period before getting sentenced on unknown charges.

Tibetan singer Palden was secretly released last month, before the completion of his three-year prison sentence. Palden was released on 25 September but remains under close police surveillance. He has been warned of potential rearrest if he performs any further songs containing politically sensitive messages or connotations. There is currently no clear information regarding his health condition.

Passang Dhondup was a Tibetan student from Lhasa. He was 12 years old when he participated in the 1987 pro-independence demonstrations in Lhasa. During the protest near Barkhor Police Station, he was shot in the stomach by security forces, sustaining life-threatening injuries that required surgery, blood transfusions, and five months of hospitalization. After his discharge, he was arrested by Chinese police, interrogated about other demonstrators, and subjected to torture, including beatings, kicks, slaps, and electric cattle prods. He was held in solitary confinement for seven days, denied family visits and adequate food, and released only after his parents reportedly paid 1,000 yuan. He continued to suffer from his injuries, including chronic stomach pain, before fleeing Tibet and arriving in India on 30 November 1993, where he provided testimony documenting the abuses he endured.

On 26 March, a Tibetan monk named Pema was arbitrarily detained and subjected to incommunicado detention by the local Public Security Bureau Officers for staging a peaceful solo protest by holding a portrait of the Dalai Lama on the stretch of a road known to the local Tibetans as ‘martyrs road’ in Ngaba County. Local witnesses reported hearing Pema shouting slogans calling for the"Return of His Holiness the Dalai Lama to Tibet" and "Religious Freedom in Tibet," among others. Following Pema's arbitrary arrest, Chinese security forces have intensified their control and restrictions in Ngaba County, especially in Soruma village and Kirti Monastery.

Pema Rinchen (pen name: Dhugtser) a writer from Drango (Ch: Luhuo) County was detained in late 2020 and remained disappeared for almost 2 years. The Centre has now come to know that he has been sentenced to 4 years in prison. He was previously detained for his book “Look”, published in 2011, and was subjected to extreme torture in detention resulting in long-lasting health complications post-release.

Pema Samdup, 26, was detained on the morning of 9 March this year in Lhasa, a day before the 60th anniversary of the Tibetan National Uprising Day. After being held in Lhasa for sometime, he was handed over to the Public Security Bureau (PSB) authorities in Chamdo (Ch: Qamdo) Prefecture, more than 480 km east of Lhasa.

Sources informed TCHRD that Samdup had been detained due to “political reasons” and for “sharing photos on his WeChat account”.

Pema Wangchen, a former political detainee in his early thirties, passed away in a hospital in Chengdu on 26 April 2019. His death was linked to the torture he was subjected to while in police custody following his arrest.

He was arrested subsequent to video footage of Pema Wangchen singing the Tibetan national anthem going viral online and coming to the attention of the police. The video was filmed on 13 February 2016 in a public place in Wangchen’s native Kardze County, eastern Tibet, during celebrations of the Tibetan New Year.

Geshe Phende Gyaltsen was from Jhongpa village, Lithang (Ch: Litang) County in Kardze (Ch: Ganzi) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan province. He was detained in March 2022 for engaging in the renovation of Shedrub Dhargyeling monastery in Lithang.

Phende Gyaltsen visited India in 1985 to study Buddhism and received a Geshe degree (PhD from the Sera Mey Monastery in southern India. He later returned to Tibet.

In July 2022, Phende Gyaltsen was taken to a hospital in Lithang because of his ill health following his detention. And he passed away on 26 January 2023 due to torture he suffered in detention.

On 5 March 2024, Phuntsok from Lhundup County, Shigatse (Ch: Xigaze) city, Tibet Autonomous Region was arbitrarily arrested on the alleged accusation of sending secret documents and had been disappeared. While travelling to Lhundup County on the same day, three local police officers suddenly arrested him.

When Phuntsok's family and relatives asked the authorities for his whereabouts and the reason for his arrest, they were ignored, and any hope of visiting Phuntsok had been denied. His current status and whereabouts remained unknown.

Phuntsok, who is 47 years old, hails from Lhundup County, Shigatse (Ch: Xigaze) city, Tibet Autonomous Region. He and his wife have a 15-year-old daughter and an 11-year-old boy. Phuntsok was falsely accused due to his criticism of the local leader's disregard for people's well-being.

Rachung Gendun and Sonam Gyatso, from kirti monastery, Ngaba County were sentenced to three years and two years in November 2022 respectively, for sending donations to Tibet’s foremost spiritual leader the Dalai Lama and Kirti Rinpoche, both living in exile. Belongs to Kirti Monastery

Rinchen Dhondup among six other Tibetans have reportedly been detained for merely sharing Covid-related photos and videos online amid the harsh implementation of the Chinese government’s ‘Zero-Covid policy'.The detainees had shared visuals of the mismanaged quarantine centers, where infected and healthy people were housed together in a singular room risking further infections. The recording inadvertently showed the negligence of the authorities in medical treatment and utter lack of basic food supplies.

Rinchen Kyi was released on 24 April 2022, post release she is kept under house arrest and police surveillance.

On 1 August 2021, Rinchen Kyi, one of the longest-serving teachers at the recently closed Sengdruk Taktse School in Darlag (Ch: Dari) County, Golog (Ch: Guoluo) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, was detained by the local security officials for mourning the closure with a hunger strike.

Rinchen Kyi was arrested in relation to the closure of the Sendruk Taktse school in Golog County.

Rinchen Samdup from Kardze County, Tsothar Township was arbitrarily detained in May 2022 for allegedly 'endangering state security'. No information is available regarding his current whereabouts.

Rinchen Tsultrim, a monk and writer from Nangshing Monastery, the largest Bon Monastic institution in the world, in Barma (Ch: Waerma) Township, Ngaba (Ch: Aba) County, Ngaba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. He was sentenced in March 2021 to four years and six months in prison for "expressing political views on his WeChat account and personal website. On 26 July 2019, he was arbitrarily detained and subjected to enforced disappearance. On 1 February 2024, he was released but placed under restrictions and surveillance.

He is a well-known Tibetan writer known for his popular works including "The Knot" and "An Interview about Gendun Choephel" published in collaboration with other writers. The cause of his detention and his current whereabouts remain unknown.

Thupten Lodoe (Pen name: Sabuchey) is an experienced teacher who has written analytical essays on the social conditions inside Tibet. Proficient in both traditional and modern knowledge, he has contributed much to the promotion of Tibetan language and culture.

He has been sentenced to four years and six months in prison.

A resident of Bum-nying village in Dzachuka, Sershul (Ch: Shiqu) County, Kardze (Ch: Ganzi) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sabuchey had been detained by Chinese security officers in mid-October 2021. He had been held in an undisclosed location for more than eight months until his sentencing around 14 June this year.

Samdup, 41, from Gonchok village, Serthar (Ch: Seda) County, was sentenced to 8 years in prison. He was arbitrarily detained on 5 April 2021 and remained a victim of enforced disappearance till his sentencing. On 13 June 2012, he was arrested by the police in Serthar County, Sichuan Province, on suspicion of "engaging in political activities opposing the Chinese Communist Party's rule in Tibet."

He was later formally arrested by the local prosecutor's office, and charged with participating in the "Tibetan resistance movement" and actively establishing an "anti-Red resistance organization," which, according to authorities, violated national laws and regulations. On 1 August 2013, He was sentenced to five years in prison by the Nyagchu People's Court.

Though he was released on 19 August 2016, he was detained again on 18 September 2016 and remained in detention for 17 days.

Sangtse, 45, a nomad from Chumarleb (Ch: Qumalai) County, Kyegu (Ch: Yushu) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, was arbitrarily detained on 26 December 2022. Sangtse and his wife Tatso have two children, a boy aged 21 and a girl aged 15.

Sangye Gyatso, 16, staged a solo protest in Ngaba shouting slogans calling for freedom for Tibetan as he walked. He was immediately taken away by the PSB officers

Sangye Tso is a University student from Tridu (Ch: Chenduo) County in Kyegudo (Ch: Yushu) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province, in the Tibetan province of Kham.

On February 17, 2021, she was arbitrarily detained by public security bureau personnel and escorted to the Yushu City Detention Center. On December 15, 2021, the Yushu City Public Security Bureau called her father telling him to pick up his daughter. When the family arrived in Yushu City, she was alone in a hotel. She has lost weight and was unable to walk because of torture sustained in detention. The family took her to a hospital nearby for treatment.

Sangay Tso, co-founder of a chat group, was released in a severe health condition after being arbitrarily detained for more than 10 months.

Topga (20) and Sardak (25) were detained on 18 June 2022 after security officials carried out a night raid near Meru monastery in Lhasa. They were both small businessmen at Shigatse selling local products like butter and Tibetan scarves (Khatak). They are originally from Chumarleb (Ch: Qumalai) County Kyegu (Ch: Yushu) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, in the Tibetan province of Kham. Their current whereabouts remain unknown.

Tenzin Jigme, an 11-year-old student at Sharchok School in Lhasa, was arrested on 25 May 1993 for participating in a peaceful demonstration held on 24 May 1993. His detention was reportedly linked to his involvement in the protest despite his young age. He later escaped from custody.

On 2 December, 2023 a Tibetan woman Semkyi Dolma from Damxung County (Ch: Dang Xiong), Lhasa city, Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) was sentenced to one and a half years in prison on charges of ‘leaking State Secrets’. She was allegedly sentenced for creating two religious groups on WeChat during the Covid lockdown in Tibet in 2021. Both the groups were actively used by its members to share information and offer prayers for those affected by the pandemic in Tibet. Both the WeChat groups have been deleted as of now by the Chinese authorities.

Following the arrest of Semkyi Dolma, her family members including her brother, Mr Tsedo went to the police station several times to enquire about her whereabouts, but the authorities refused to speak with him.

Sherab Dorji, 19, was arrested from his hometown in Trotsik Township on 16 August 2021 by the Chinese authorities for not attending a political education class in his town. It is also alleged that Sherab Dorji along with several other students submitted a petition against the Chinese authorities order on schools to instruct in Chinese language. Several others arrested along with Dorji have all been released except for him. His whereabouts are not known.

Tsering Dhondup was a 28-year-old Tibetan monk from the Nechung Institute of Buddhist Studies in Lhasa. He was arrested at his college by Chinese security officials and soldiers on the 27th day of the first month of the Tibetan calendar without being informed of the reasons for his arrest. During the arrest, he was shackled, beaten, and initially detained at Shing Chen Tru before being transferred to Gutsa Prison. He was later tried in secret by the People's Court on 16 April and charged with murder, while his family was denied access to both the trial and subsequent visits. During interrogation, he was reportedly subjected to severe torture, including being suspended upside down from the ceiling and beaten with electric batons to force him to implicate others. He was held in harsh conditions, provided with inadequate food, denied family visits for over nine months, and suffered deteriorating health while in detention.

Detained in 2019.

They were arrested in 2019 after their failed attempt to block construction of a slaughterhouse and their demand for compensation” for Tibetans whose land has been taken for the project.

They were arrested in 2019 after their failed attempt to block construction of a slaughterhouse and their demand for compensation” for Tibetans whose land has been taken for the project.

Detained in 2019.

They were arrested in 2019 after their failed attempt to block construction of a slaughterhouse and their demand for compensation” for Tibetans whose land has been taken for the project.

Tanak Jigme passed away on 17 October 2020 at an elderly care home in Turbenthal, Switzerland, where he had been based since receiving political asylum in 2003, a year after he completed 32-year sentence in Chinese prison.

He was released on medical parole at the age of 76 in March 2002.

He was first arrested in 1959 while teaching at Lhasa Primary School, charged with "corrupting the minds of children with reactionary ideas" and sentenced to three years in prison. In 1964 he was arrested again and sentenced to three years of "Labour reeducation" in Sangyip Prison. In 1970 he was again arrested and sentenced to ten years imprisonment. He was rearrested on 3 September 1983 and sentenced to 10 years in Sangyip Prison for ‘counter-revolutionary’ propaganda.

According to official sentence paper issued on 30 November 1983 he was sentenced to 15 years in prison with 5 years of deprivation of civil and political rights which later in 1988 increased by another five years and further deprivation of rights for one extra year.

In 1991 he shouted slogans in Drapchi prison during a visit by Swiss government officials which resulted in an increase in his sentence term by another eight years with further deprivation of civil and political rights by three years. The sentence passed on 1983 therefore became of 28 years in total. He was beaten harshly till his body turned numb and a new method of 'Cold Cell' torture was first used on him where he was surrounded by cold metal sheets on either side of the wall to lower the temperature of the cell.

50-year-old Tashi Gyal was sentenced to one year prison term for posting on his WeChat account contents deemed illegal by the Chinese authorities.

Detained in 2019.

They were arrested in 2019 after their failed attempt to block construction of a slaughterhouse and their demand for compensation” for Tibetans whose land has been taken for the project.

Detained in 2019.

They were arrested in 2019 after their failed attempt to block construction of a slaughterhouse and their demand for compensation” for Tibetans whose land has been taken for the project.

Dhargay from Bharong Village in Sershul (Ch: Shiqu) County, Kardze (Ch: Ganzi) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, in the traditional Dzachuka area in Kham province. Dhargay is a monk from the Dza Sershul Monastery.

Dhargay was detained in September 2020 after he was found keeping a photo of His Holiness the Dalai Lama and other information about the Tibetan political situation on his phone. At the time, another monk was detained along with him but his identity could not be confirmed. It has now emerged that the other monk’s name is Rigtse. Both Dhargay and Rigtse had been sentenced on the same date in June 2022.

Tenzin Dorje, a monk from Dingri Shelkar Choedhe Monastery in Dingri (Ch: Tingri) County, Shigatse (Ch: Xigaze) City, Tibet Autonomous Region, endured severe torture and interrogation following his release from custody by Chinese authorities. He had been subjected to beatings and torture while being detained.

On 25 May 2023, due to heavy surveillance and restrictions by the Chinese authority, he tragically took his own life at home.

Tenzin Gelek,18, resident of Meruma, shouted slogans in public calling for freedom for Tibet.He was quickly taken away by the police. Gelek had earlier posted two articles on the social media platform WeChat.

Tenzin Choedrak (b. 1975) was a 20-year-old Tibetan Buddhist monk from Khangmar Monastery when he was arrested on 15 April 1995 alongside fellow monks Sangye Tenphel (b. 1985), Lobsang Choephel (b. 1984), Lobsang Gelek, and another monk for participating in a peaceful demonstration in the Barkhor area of Lhasa. He was sentenced to five years' imprisonment and detained in Drapchi Prison. His associates received prison terms ranging from three to four years, while fellow monk Sangye Tenphel died in custody on 6 May 1996 after reportedly being subjected to severe torture. Tenzin Choedrak and Lobsang Gelek continued serving their sentences in Drapchi Prison, where they reportedly endured harsh treatment and abuse.

Rigzin (Rinzin) Choenyi was a 19-year-old Tibetan Buddhist nun from Shungseb Nunnery in Lhasa when she was arrested on 22 September 1989 for participating in a peaceful demonstration at the Barkor pilgrimage circuit with five other nuns. The group called for Tibetan independence by chanting pro-independence slogans during the period of martial law in Lhasa. In October 1989, she was sentenced to seven years' imprisonment for allegedly violating martial law regulations and was detained in Drapchi Prison. During her imprisonment, she shared a cell with prominent political prisoners Phuntsok Nyidron and Ngawang Sangdrol. She was released in September 1995 and later reached Dharamsala, India, where she provided detailed testimony documenting torture, ill-treatment, and prison conditions experienced by Tibetan political prisoners. Amnesty International recognized her as a prisoner of conscience, imprisoned solely for the peaceful expression of her political beliefs.

Tsewang Tashi, a 64-year-old man from Sakya District, Tibet, joined the Tibetan resistance following the entry of Chinese forces into Tibet in 1949. He fought against the Chinese military in Kamtsok Tsowa, Derge, and on several other fronts resisting Chinese control over Tibet. He was arrested in 1960 during a resistance campaign in Tredo and taken to Panipat Tse Zong, where he reportedly witnessed the killing of thousands of Tibetan prisoners of war. He was later transferred to Powo Tramo Prison, where he was subjected to forced labour. After approximately 21 years of imprisonment, he was released in 1981 and subsequently escaped to India.

In 2023, a Tibetan monk Tenzin Khenrab, 29, well known by his pen name, Dhong Rangchak was forcefully arrested by Chinese authorities for possessing a photo of Tibet’s spiritual leader, the Dalai Lama, on his phone and several e-books of the revered Buddhist Lama. He continues to be held incommunicado since his arrest last year and his whereabouts and health status remain unknown. Chinese authorities have reportedly blocked access to his social media accounts. His only family member, a 53-year-old mother, Phude, has seen her health decline due to the lack of access to information about her son.

The e-books he possessed include materials published by Tibetan exiles, including those from monasteries, strictly prohibited by the Chinese authorities in Tibet. Belongs to Lithang Monastery

Detained in November 2019. The 19 year-old Tibetan monk from Dza Wonpo died of injuries sustained from beatings and torture in a Chinese prison in Sichuan’s Kardze prefecture after being released in a comatose state by his jailers.

Mr. Tharpa (alternatively spelled as Tarpa), 39, and his cousin Ms. Lhamo, 36, in Diru (Ch: Biru) County in Nagchu (Ch: Naqu) City, Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) were both detained in June 2020 and Lhamo died in August that year due to custodial torture.

In August 2022, it was learned that Tharpa was sentenced to 2.5 years in prison in a secret trial. He is due for release in December 2022. His family was able to hire a Chinese lawyer but it could not ensure a fair trial for Tharpa, who continued to remain in an undisclosed location without the knowledge of his family members.

Both Lhamo and Tharpa had been detained on the charges of sending money to family members and relatives in India. Although it was common for Tibetans inside Tibet to send money to India for personal and spiritual reasons, it was only in recent years that local Chinese authorities began cracking down more severely on Tibetans maintaining any contact with relatives living in exile, especially in India.

Before his detention in Nagchu County town, Mr. Tharpa was a businessman dealing in medicinal plants and other local products in Chaktse (Ch: Qiaze) Town in Diru.

Detained in 2017.

Thubpa, 32, was taken by Chinese police at night from Ngaba’s Trotsik monastery. Thubpa had previously been arrested for shouting political slogans and burning the Chinese flag during a period of widespread protests in 2008, and his father Kalsang was arrested and jailed for shouting slogans on March 16, 2011 against China’s rule in Tibet

Topga (20) and Sardak (25) were detained on 18 June 2022 after security officials carried out a night raid near Meru monastery in Lhasa. They were both small businessmen at Shigatse selling local products like butter and Tibetan scarves (Khatak). They are originally from Chumarleb (Ch: Qumalai) County Kyegu (Ch: Yushu) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, in the Tibetan province of Kham. Their current whereabouts remain unknown.

On 12 September 2023, Tsebo in his sixties, along with his mother, wife, and son were on the way to attend a four-day Kalachakra teaching being conferred by the 7th Gungthang Rinpoche, Lobsang Jamyang Gelek Tenpai Khenchen. While stopping for lunch at a restaurant in Tridu County (Chinese: Chenduo) in Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, local Chinese police officials interrogated them. During the interrogation, they were asked to register if they intended to attend the Kalachakra teachings.

After they had successfully registered, they were informed that they would not be permitted to attend the Kalachakra.

Tsebo was told that as a member of the Communist Party and for being a former police officer, it was against the national law to attend such a religious event. Moments after the order, he was forcibly taken to a police station and there is no information on his current whereabouts. In his 32 years of service, Tsebo held a variety of police positions, from local authority to animal husbandry head, in Dzatoe County and many other locations.

Tsering Dolma, from Serthar (Ch: Seda) County, was detained on 2 April 2021 and remained in incommunicado detention since then. Recently she was sentenced to 8 years in prison.

She was detained a few times following her detention in 2008 for her role in the protests that took place in Serthar (Ch: Seda) County. Her father Solo was also detained with her. She suffered extreme beatings and torture for disobedient behavior during her detentions that extended for months. She suffered a fracture in her legs as a result of the torture and she continues to have lasting health complications, including amnesia and heart disease. She remained under strict surveillance by the local authorities post-detention, where all her movements and activities were monitored.

She was frequently summoned to the local police station before celebrations and occasions.

According to sources, reports suggest that the members of the Haritsang family have been arrested due to maintaining contacts in India, though specific details are scarce.

Recently, repression in the Ngaba region has intensified, with increased restrictions particularly aimed at Kirti Monastery and nearby villages.

Tsering Tso’s latest detention on 29 June on charges of “endangering social stability” and her subsequent release on 8 July after ten days in “administrative detention” marks the fourth time in five years she has been targeted for criticising the Chinese government’s discriminatory policies and advocating for equal and fair treatment of Tibetans inside Tibet.

Tsering Tso faced her second instance of arbitrary detention in three years due to her social media expressions, where she criticised Chinese authorities for committing human rights violations against Tibetans in Kyegudo (Ch: Yushu) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province, located in the Tibetan province of Kham.

From 26 October to 10 November 2023, human rights defender Ms Tsering Tso was sentenced to 15 days of “administrative detention” by the Yushu Public Security Bureau (PSB) in the Yushu city detention centre.

Tseta, 25, was detained for about seven months shortly after Tenzin Sherab, a 33-yr old Tibetan nomad, died of self-immolation protest in May 2013 in Chumarleb (Ch: Qumalai) County, Kyegu (Ch: Yushu) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, in the Tibetan province of Kham.

Local county police accused Tseta of colluding with two of Sherab’s sisters Thubten Dolma and Jigkay in taking photos of the deceased’s body after it was handed over to the family members. Tseta had lost his phone during the crowded confusion surrounding the funeral rituals at Sherab’s home.

Detained in 2019.

They were arrested in 2019 after their failed attempt to block construction of a slaughterhouse and their demand for compensation” for Tibetans whose land has been taken for the project.

Wangchen, 20, who was arrested on April 29, was sentenced by the Sershul County People’s Court in Sichuan’s Kardze (in Chinese, Ganzi) prefecture to a term of four years and six months convicted of calling in public for the release of Tibetan spiritual leader the Panchen Lama

Mr Wangchuk, 45, was detained by Chinese police officers around 8 March this year. He was detained from Shigatse city while he was returning from one of his business trips to Lhasa. He is believed to have been detained for sharing some H.H. Dalai Lama books.

There is no confirmed information about the exact whereabouts of Wangchuk. His family members however believe that he had been sentenced and imprisoned at Nyari Prison in Shigatse.

The two Middle School students are believed to have drawn police attention by speaking on the WeChat social media platform against a Chinese policy mandating, beginning in September, that all classes in local schools be taught only in Chinese

On 2 March 2023, local police detained Yangtso, 23, from Gyatso Township, Namling (Ch: Nanmulin) County, Shigatse (Ch: Xigaze) City, Tibet Autonomous Region. The police detained her after checking her cell phone and seeing that she had contacted and sent photos to people outside the Tibet Autonomous Region.

Yangtso worked at the Snow Mountain Restaurant(Tib: གངས་རིའི་ཟ་ཁང་།) in Shigatse (Ch: Xigaze) City at the time of her detention.

She is currently being detained at the local police station of Namling County.

Choegyal and Yonten were detained after they distributed leaflets in front of a police station in Wonpo township.

They were arbitrarily arrested on 21 November 2019, at around 2:30 pm, after shouting for Tibet's independence and distributing Tibetan independence documents in front of the Wonpo township police station.

On 1 March 2024, Choegyal and Yonten were released. Subsequently, the fathers of Choegyal and Yonten were summoned by the Wonpo township government to make promises and responsibilities before being released by the police officers at their respective homes later that evening.

The local people welcomed them without much visible gesture. Both Choegyal and Yonten are released in poor health.

Youdon from Tsaring Township (རྩྭ་རིང་གྲོང་རྡལ།), Amdo County, Tibetan Autonomous Region was detained on 11 July 2022. The police detained Youdon for allegedly acting together with her elder sister Zumkar and keeping a photo of the Dalai Lama in their home. Youdon is currently detained in Lhasa but no further details are available.

Zamkar, Kelsang Dolma, Dechen and Delha are in their 20s and residents of Dartsedo (Ch: Kangding), Kardze Tibet Autonomous Prefecture.

They were detained on 5 December 2022 and are now being held somewhere in Kardze TAP. They were detained for protesting against strict Covid Lockdowns in Sichuan province. The four women had worked at a Chinese-owned restaurant in Chengdu before their arrest and they also wrote a letter to their employer stating they did not receive their salary during the lockdown.

Their whereabouts remain unknown but it is reported that they are being given political re-education sessions by the Chinese government.

Zangkar Jamyang a Tibetan writer, 45 disappeared on the night of 4 June 2020, when he was taken away apparently from his home. It has recently been found that Jamyang has been serving a four-year jail sentence. He had been convicted for "splittism and spreading rumors in the internet chat groups". Zangkar Jamyang a Tibetan writer had been taken away and disappeared by China nearly three years ago from Khyungchu County in Ngaba Prefecture, Sichuan Province. He has recently been found serving a four-year jail sentence.(to be reviewed)

Zumkar 27, was detained after she was found in possession of a photo of the Dalai Lama, the exiled spiritual leader of Tibet.

She was detained on 23 June 2022 and on 28 June 2022 she was transferred to Lhasa, 500 kilometers from her native place Tsaring Township (རྩྭ་རིང་གྲོང་རྡལ།), Amdo County in Tibet Autonomous Region.

He staged a solo protest on the morning of 10 September ; calling for for "Tibetan freedom" and "long life of the Dalai Lama" but local security officers immediately nabbed him as soon as he began to protest Belongs to Kirti Monastery

Acha Dolkar, sister of Wangchen was sentenced

On 20 October, the Darlag County police arbitrarily detained eight Tibetans from Gyime Township in Darlag County, Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province, on charges of "creating a criminal organisation," "picking quarrels and provoking trouble," and "extortion and blackmail." These allegations were simply levied against them for collecting donations for religious offerings. The Darlag County police issued a notice on their social media account, urging local Tibetans to actively report any clues related to the group of detainees and other "criminal organisations." They added that informants would be "highly rewarded in accordance with its relevant regulations," while warning others that withholding such information would result in severe punishment.

On 20 October, the Darlag County police arbitrarily detained eight Tibetans from Gyime Township in Darlag County, Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province, on charges of "creating a criminal organisation," "picking quarrels and provoking trouble," and "extortion and blackmail." These allegations were simply levied against them for collecting donations for religious offerings. The Darlag County police issued a notice on their social media account, urging local Tibetans to actively report any clues related to the group of detainees and other "criminal organisations." They added that informants would be "highly rewarded in accordance with its relevant regulations," while warning others that withholding such information would result in severe punishment.

On 20 October, the Darlag County police arbitrarily detained eight Tibetans from Gyime Township in Darlag County, Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province, on charges of "creating a criminal organisation," "picking quarrels and provoking trouble," and "extortion and blackmail." These allegations were simply levied against them for collecting donations for religious offerings. The Darlag County police issued a notice on their social media account, urging local Tibetans to actively report any clues related to the group of detainees and other "criminal organisations." They added that informants would be "highly rewarded in accordance with its relevant regulations," while warning others that withholding such information would result in severe punishment.

On 20 October, the Darlag County police arbitrarily detained eight Tibetans from Gyime Township in Darlag County, Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province, on charges of "creating a criminal organisation," "picking quarrels and provoking trouble," and "extortion and blackmail." These allegations were simply levied against them for collecting donations for religious offerings. The Darlag County police issued a notice on their social media account, urging local Tibetans to actively report any clues related to the group of detainees and other "criminal organisations." They added that informants would be "highly rewarded in accordance with its relevant regulations," while warning others that withholding such information would result in severe punishment.

On 20 October, the Darlag County police arbitrarily detained eight Tibetans from Gyime Township in Darlag County, Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province, on charges of "creating a criminal organisation," "picking quarrels and provoking trouble," and "extortion and blackmail." These allegations were simply levied against them for collecting donations for religious offerings. The Darlag County police issued a notice on their social media account, urging local Tibetans to actively report any clues related to the group of detainees and other "criminal organisations." They added that informants would be "highly rewarded in accordance with its relevant regulations," while warning others that withholding such information would result in severe punishment.

On 20 October, the Darlag County police arbitrarily detained eight Tibetans from Gyime Township in Darlag County, Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province, on charges of "creating a criminal organisation," "picking quarrels and provoking trouble," and "extortion and blackmail." These allegations were simply levied against them for collecting donations for religious offerings.

On 20 October, the Darlag County police arbitrarily detained eight Tibetans from Gyime Township in Darlag County, Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province, on charges of "creating a criminal organisation," "picking quarrels and provoking trouble," and "extortion and blackmail." These allegations were simply levied against them for collecting donations for religious offerings. The Darlag County police issued a notice on their social media account, urging local Tibetans to actively report any clues related to the group of detainees and other "criminal organisations." They added that informants would be "highly rewarded in accordance with its relevant regulations," while warning others that withholding such information would result in severe punishment.

Mr A-nya Sengdra, 47, was beaten up and detained on 4 September 2018 from the highway intersection in Golok TAP by Gade County Public Security Bureau (PSB) officers and taken to the PSB detention centre in Drotsang (Ch: Ledu) County, Tsoshar (Ch: Haidong) Prefecture.

He was sentenced to 7 years of imprisonment on 6 December 2019 by the Gade (Chinese: Gande) County court in Golog (Guoluo), Qinghai province in the Tibetan area of Amdo, on charges of "picking quarrels and provoking trouble".

Ludup, known by the lay name Rinchen Goedoe, was enrolled at Kirti Monastery at a very young age and hailed from a Samsang family in village number four of Meruma township in Ngaba (Chinese: Aba), Sichuan Province.

In June 2020, Lundup, who was 54 years old, was arbitrarily arrested in Ngaba (Chinese: Aba) County in Ngaba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, 12 years after he carried out a protest in front of Kirti Monastery in Ngaba County on 16 March 2008. The authorities neither informed his family where and which court oversaw his trial, nor gave any notice about what he was charged with. "Ludup spent the years 2008 to 2020 hiding from the police, who resorted to publishing a public notice calling on the people of Meruma township in Ngaba County to inform them about Ludup and a few other Kirti monks. The notice described them as having participated in an “illegal protest movement.”

Following his arrest and trial, he served his sentence in Deyang (德阳) Prison, located in Huang Xu Town in Deyang City, Sichuan Province." (to be reviewed) Belongs to Kirti Monastery

Tsering Penpa, a 20-year-old carpenter from Phenpo Lhundup County, was arrested on 1 June 1989 at his home in the Ramoche area of Lhasa following a confrontation with members of the Wu Jing (People's Armed Police). He was initially detained at Dekyi Fa Tu Su Police Station before being transferred to a detention centre near Banak Shol and later held at Gutsa Prison. During detention, he was repeatedly interrogated and subjected to severe torture, including beatings with leather belts and fists, being forced to stand while officers assaulted him, having his arms stretched while being punched, and having his neck crushed between iron chairs. He was denied food after his arrest and pressured to identify other Tibetans involved in the incident. His testimony documents arbitrary arrest, torture, and ill-treatment of Tibetan detainees following the 1989 Lhasa crackdown.

Phuntsok Dorje was arrested on 20 February 1990 after Chinese authorities suspected him of being a member of a Tibetan activist group, a charge he repeatedly denied. He was detained for six months in Sangyip Prison without any due process of law. Although the authorities found no evidence against him, his release was granted only after he was forced to accept being a “spy” for the authorities in order to prove his innocence.

Thupten, a businesswoman from Gonjo County, Chamdo Region, witnessed the implementation of China's birth control policy in Nyemo County in May 1997. She reported that approximately 300 Tibetan women were forcibly sterilised, while women who were around three months pregnant were allegedly subjected to forced abortions. Her testimony also described strict family planning measures, including compulsory birth permits, limits on the number and spacing of children, public denunciations, and fines imposed on couples who violated the policy, highlighting widespread coercive reproductive rights abuses against Tibetans.

Richen Samdup was arrested at his home in Minyak Rangakha in October 1959 and detained at Ngachen Monastery, which had been converted into a prison in Dhartsedo. After one year, he was transferred to Shing Du Dhu Prison in 1961 and, in 1962, to the Ghatak agricultural labour camp, where he remained imprisoned for 13 years. During his detention, he was subjected to forced labour, including farming, cattle herding, logging, carpentry, blacksmithing, and political "re-education" sessions. His testimony describes the widespread use of Tibetan political prisoners in hard labour camps under the policy of "reform through labour" following the Chinese occupation of Tibet.

Tenzin Norbu, born in 1969, was a monk at Gaden Monastery when he was arrested on 18 July 1995 in Lhasa alongside fellow monk Chokdrup for participating in a peaceful demonstration. Although they chanted pro-independence slogans, they did not display the Tibetan national flag or political posters. Tenzin was sentenced to six years' imprisonment and incarcerated in Drapchi Prison. Reports indicate that he suffered severe torture in custody, leaving him in poor health after his transfer to the prison.

Ngari Tulku Thupten Lobsang, a respected religious leader at Sera Monastery, was arrested on 18 March 1990 after refusing to comply with directives issued by Chinese government work teams during the Tibet Autonomous Region Political Conference. He reportedly rejected demands to denounce His Holiness the Dalai Lama and endorse state-led assimilation policies. His detention appears to have been linked to the peaceful exercise of his religious beliefs and freedom of expression.

Thupten Choepel, a 24-year-old Tibetan trader from Hola Village, Markham County, participated in the peaceful demonstrations in Lhasa on 1 October 1987. During the unrest, he attempted to rescue monks trapped inside a burning police station but was shot twice by Chinese police, sustaining serious gunshot wounds to his buttock and lower back. He witnessed security forces firing at people attempting to escape, resulting in multiple deaths and injuries.

After being denied treatment at one hospital, he was admitted to Menthang Hospital, where he observed numerous civilians, including women, children, and monks, suffering from gunshot wounds. Fearing arrest after his recovery, he briefly returned to his home village before going back to Lhasa. He was later arrested and detained by Nagchuka police for possessing and distributing approximately 300 photographs of the Dalai Lama, reflecting restrictions on expressions of Tibetan identity and religious devotion.

Bhu Chungla, a 22-year-old Tibetan male, was arrested on 8 March 1989 on charges of "counter-revolutionary propaganda and incitement" following the mass protests in Tibet. He was sentenced by a People's Court to four years' imprisonment, commencing on the date of his arrest, and an additional one year of deprivation of political rights. After completing his sentence, he was released on 8 March 1993, as confirmed by the official Certificate of Release issued by the Public Security Bureau.

Bhu Anu, aged 22, was detained in Gutsa Prison in December 1990. During his detention, he was reportedly subjected to severe torture and repeated interrogation by the authorities.

Taken away from his shop by the authorities. No further details found.

Wangdu, a 22-year-old resident of Taktse County, was arrested on 8 March 1989 for allegedly participating in the mass demonstrations held in Lhasa between 5 and 7 March 1989. Following his arrest, he was sentenced to three years' imprisonment and was detained in Sangyip Prison.

O-Chok, born in 1967, was a monk at Gaden Choekhorling Monastery and a native of Phenpo Lhundrup County. He was arrested on 12 May 1994, at the age of 27, and sentenced to six years' imprisonment in Drapchi Prison. His detention was reportedly linked to political activities, reflecting the continued restrictions on religious and political expression in Tibet.

Orgyan Tashi, born in 1942, is a semi-nomadic resident of Pashoe County. On 28 August 1995, he was arrested under circumstances that remain unclear. Reports suggest that his detention may have been linked either to the distribution of pro-independence posters or to an alleged attempt to use explosives on pillars in Lhasa. Prior to his arrest, he had travelled to India on two occasions.

At the time of the report, his wife was residing in Lhasa, while their two children were pursuing their education in India. Following his conviction, Orgyan Tashi was sentenced to nine years of imprisonment and was serving his sentence at Drapchi Prison.

Wotse (b. 1943), a businessman from Ngaba County, was arrested alongside the Kirti monk Tenzin on 23 May 1998 after returning from India, where he attended Kalachakra initiations and collected information on the Tibetan Government-in-Exile, including speeches by the Dalai Lama. He shared the materials with Tenzin, who copied and distributed them. Both were sentenced to five years' imprisonment for disseminating politically sensitive information and criticizing the Chinese government, and were incarcerated in Maowan Prison.

Wangdu (born in 1967) was a Buddhist monk from Taktse Dechen Sangak Monastery. He was arrested in December 1994 for participating in a peaceful demonstration in Lhasa, Tibet. Following his arrest, he was convicted and sentenced to four years of imprisonment. While serving his sentence, Wangdu allegedly took part in the Drapchi Prison Protest in May 1998, which resulted in an additional four-year prison term. Consequently, his total sentence was extended to eight years of imprisonment.

Woeser(Tashi Rabten) was a 24 years old monk from Sera monastery. Details regarding his arrest and sentenced are not found.

Thupten Thabkai, a monk from Tsamphung Monastery in Tengchen County, Chamdo Prefecture, was arrested by Chinese authorities following a bomb explosion at a government-operated gold mining site in Trekdo Township on 18 July 2001. He was among 16 monks and laypersons detained on suspicion of involvement in the incident. Reports indicate that detainees were subjected to severe torture and ill-treatment during interrogation. On 13 November 2001, the Chamdo Intermediate People's Court sentenced Thupten Thabkai to life imprisonment and imposed a fine of 19,000 yuan. His conviction followed proceedings that raised serious concerns regarding due process and the treatment of detainees in custody.

Topgyal(Tyugi) from Amdo was arrested in May, 2001 on charges of espionage and separatism. he was detained at Gutsa prison.

Tsondru Wangmo (born 1958), a nun from Theckchen Nunnery, was arrested on 25 November 1994 for participating in the distribution of political posters in Nyemo County. She was held in Nyemo and Gutsa detention centres before being sentenced to seven years' imprisonment in April 1995. She was subsequently transferred to Drapchi Prison, where she remained incarcerated.

Sangye Choedon (born 1975), a nun from Theckchen Nunnery, was arrested on 25 November 1994 for involvement in a poster campaign advocating Tibetan independence. After detention in Nyemo and Gutsa detention centres, she was sentenced to four years' imprisonment in April 1995 and transferred to Drapchi Prison. She was released upon completion of her sentence.

Dorje Youdron (born 1970), a nun from Theckchen Nunnery, was arrested on 12 November 1994 for distributing political posters in Nyemo County. She was detained in Nyemo and Gutsa detention centres before being sentenced to five years' imprisonment in April 1995. She was later transferred to Drapchi Prison and released after completing her sentence.

Pema Tsomo (born 1966), a nun from Theckchen Nunnery, was arrested on 16 November 1994 for pasting pro-independence posters in Nyemo County. During detention, she was transferred between several prisons in and around Lhasa, subjected to severe torture, and held in solitary confinement for two months. In April 1995, she was sentenced to seven years' imprisonment and transferred to Drapchi Prison.

Thupten Choenchoe, a 66-year-old resident of Rego Village, Kardze County, was arrested on 26 October 1999 for participating in and leading a peaceful public demonstration in Kardze. The protest was organized to demand the release of respected religious teacher Geshe Sonam Phuntsok following his detention by Chinese authorities. Thupten Choenchoe was subsequently sentenced to six years' imprisonment in Kardze Prison for his involvement in the protest.

Ngawang Jungney (born 1967), a Tibetan from Nyadrung Village in Damshung County, was arrested on 13 January 1994 while studying at Tibet University and accused of spying for the Tibetan Government-in-Exile. He was detained for six months and 26 days in Seitru Detention Centre, where he was reportedly subjected to torture before being released due to a lack of evidence. Two months later, he was re-arrested, held under strict security conditions, and subjected to further ill-treatment. He was subsequently sentenced to nine years’ imprisonment and transferred to Powo Tramo Prison. Reports indicated that he suffered severe psychological harm as a result of torture and harsh prison conditions.

Thupten Tsondue, also known as Tinchung, was born in 1935 in Shigatse and served as a Level Seven Junior Accountant in the Tibetan government. He was arrested on 18 March 1959 for participating in the Tibetan resistance against the Chinese invasion. Following his arrest, he was reportedly shackled, subjected to torture, and repeatedly interrogated. He was later sentenced to 15 years' imprisonment for his involvement in the resistance movement.

Thupten Gyaltsen, a Tibetan student from Meldro Gongkar County, was arrested on 26 March 1988 for participating in a pro-independence demonstration in Lhasa. He was detained in Gutsa Prison, where he was subjected to repeated interrogations, severe torture, and inhumane detention conditions. After nine months in custody, he was sentenced to one and a half years' imprisonment and transferred to Drapchi Prison, where he was forced to perform hard labour. Having already served nine months in detention, he was released on 27 September 1989 after enduring prolonged physical abuse and imprisonment for his political activities.

Tenzin Dorjee, a 25-year-old monk from Samye Monastery in Lhoka Drachi, served as a disciplinary leader and instructor within the monastery. During the Chinese government's "patriotic re-education" campaign launched at Samye Monastery in July–August 1996, he reportedly opposed efforts to compel monks to denounce the Dalai Lama and endorse official political ideology.

After resisting the campaign and objecting to politically charged questionnaires distributed to monks, Tenzin Dorjee disappeared in September 1996. Despite extensive efforts by fellow monks and his family to locate him, his whereabouts remained unknown. It was widely suspected that he had been targeted by Chinese authorities because of his refusal to comply with the re-education campaign and his outspoken opposition to government policies.

Tenzin (born 1975) was a monk of Kirti Monastery and a teacher at Ngaba County Tibetan Middle School. In January 1999, at the age of 24, he was arrested by the Ngaba County Public Security Bureau (PSB) for displaying a photograph of the Dalai Lama and possessing a Tibetan national flag in his classroom.

Following his arrest, Tenzin was held in the Ngaba County Detention Centre for three months. He was subsequently sentenced to five years' imprisonment on political charges and transferred to Maowan Prison to serve his sentence. His case reflects the criminalisation of peaceful expressions of Tibetan cultural and political identity.

Tenzin Jigme was an 11-year-old student from Nanashoe, Lhasa, studying in Class II at Sharchok School. On 24 May 1993, he witnessed and briefly joined a peaceful demonstration in Lhasa, where Tibetans marched carrying Tibetan national flags and calling for freedom. He observed Chinese police using force against demonstrators, including beatings and tear gas, and witnessed numerous Tibetans being arrested.

The following day, 25 May 1993, police identified Tenzin from a photograph and took him into custody. He was detained for several hours, forced to kneel on a concrete floor, interrogated, and beaten. During his detention, he reportedly witnessed hundreds of Tibetan monks and nuns bound with ropes and chains inside the police station. He was released the same day after being warned that he would face life imprisonment if he participated in similar activities again. As one of the youngest Tibetans detained in connection with the May 1993 demonstrations, the experience left a lasting impact on him.